Resources
U.S.–Saudi Arabia 123 Agreement
Background, analysis, and expert perspectives on the civil nuclear cooperation agreement and its forthcoming congressional review.
Status: Awaiting transmittal to Congress
The Administration has signaled its intent to transmit the agreement to Congress. Once transmitted, a 90-day review window opens under Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act. This page will be updated with the transmitted text and review materials as they become available.Why it matters
The national security case
Drawn from the statement by NENSC Executive Director Jay Tilden on the forthcoming transmittal.
Engagement sets the standard
U.S. cooperation establishes stringent nuclear security and nonproliferation standards — reporting indicates terms that surpass a standard Section 123 agreement.
Decades of U.S. influence
Institutional and commercial linkages ensure U.S. involvement across the 80–100 year life of the Saudi nuclear energy program.
Countering Russia and China
A program built with Russian or Chinese partners would carry none of the stringent nonproliferation obligations that come with U.S. cooperation.
The system working as designed
Transmittal opens the 90-day review window Section 123 was built to provide. Congress should evaluate the agreement on its actual provisions.
Background
Understanding 123 agreements
Primer materials on the agreement and the Section 123 review process.
NENSC 123 Agreement Fact Sheet
Key provisions and context on the U.S.–Saudi agreementViews from across the field
What others are saying
Independent analysis from across the nonproliferation and national security community.
Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)
Statement on the U.S.–Saudi 123 AgreementAtlantic Council
Experts react: Reading between the lines of the new U.S.–Saudi nuclear agreementBulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Mintz & Sharp: Balancing global uranium enrichment needs and proliferation risks — a frameworkFrom the coalition
NENSC resources
Statements, convenings, and conversations from NENSC on U.S.–Saudi nuclear cooperation.
Upcoming Webinar — July 31, 2026
U.S. Nuclear Cooperation in an Era of Strategic Competition, with the Center for the National InterestStatement from Executive Director Jay Tilden
On the imminent transmittal of the agreement — July 22, 2026Past Panel — February 2026
NENSC & CFTNI panel on the impending U.S.–Saudi 123 AgreementAtomically Speaking — U.S.–Saudi Nuclear Cooperation
Imperatives for National SecurityFor Congress & press
Our experts are available
NENSC's Expert Council — former senior officials from across multiple administrations — is available to Congressional offices, press, and the public throughout the review period.